Estrogen is a group of hormones that play an essential role in female sexual development and reproduction. The three major naturally occurring estrogens in women are:
- Estrone
- Estradiol - the predominant estrogen during reproductive years
- Estriol - the primary estrogen during pregnancy
Estrogens are produced primarily by the ovaries, as well as by the adrenal glands and fetoplacental unit.
Key functions of estrogen include:
- Development of female secondary sex characteristics during puberty, such as breasts, widened hips, and pubic hair
- Regulation of the menstrual cycle
- Thickening of the endometrium (uterine lining) during the menstrual cycle to prepare for potential pregnancy
- Maintaining bone strength and density
- Regulating cholesterol levels
The production of estrogen fluctuates during the menstrual cycle. Estradiol peaks just before ovulation, while progesterone becomes the dominant hormone after ovulation if pregnancy does not occur.
A decline in estrogen levels can lead to symptoms associated with perimenopause and menopause. Hormone therapy using estrogen alone or with progestin can help relieve
hot flashes,
vaginal dryness, and other menopausal symptoms. However, this treatment also carries health risks like blood clots and stroke.
I aimed to provide an informative, factual overview of estrogen and its roles in the body. Let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions!