Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. It is the 1 cause of death globally. The most common types of cardiovascular disease are:
- Coronary artery disease - Plaque buildup inside the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle. This can cause chest pain (angina) and heart attacks.
- Stroke - Blocked blood supply to part of the brain, often due to a blood clot. This causes brain cell death and loss of function.
- High blood pressure - Force of blood pushing against artery walls is too high. This damages blood vessels over time.
- Atherosclerosis - Hardening and narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup. This restricts blood flow.
Risk factors that increase chances of developing cardiovascular disease include:
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Physical inactivity
- Unhealthy diet
- High cholesterol
- Diabetes
- Family history
Lifestyle changes and medications can help
prevent and treat cardiovascular disease:
- Quit smoking
- Exercise 30 minutes most days
- Eat more fruits, vegetables, whole grains
- Maintain healthy weight
- Take medications as prescribed
Early detection is key.
Symptoms depend on the type of CVD but may include:
- Chest pain, tightness or pressure
- Shortness of breath
- Pain in arms, neck or jaw
- Nausea, fatigue, lightheadedness
- Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or seeing
If you experience any of these symptoms,
seek emergency care immediately. Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room. With early treatment, damage can be minimized.
I aimed to provide an overview of cardiovascular disease without any advertising. Please let me know if you would like me to elaborate on any part of the answer or have additional questions!